Minister probes schools’ use of £2.6bn fund

Minister probes schools’ use of £2.6bn fund

Gullis said he feared some schools spend the £2.6bn grant ‘in ways that the funding is not intended’

Gullis said he feared some schools spend the £2.6bn grant ‘in ways that the funding is not intended’

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The new schools minister is “looking at” how schools use the pupil premium to make sure some schools are not spending it “in ways that the funding is not intended”.

Jonathan Gullis told a fringe event that he wanted to examine whether the £2.6 billion for disadvantaged pupils was “being used to really target and drive attainment, improve attendance, help with behaviour”.

But government sources this week denied this would be a formal review of the policy. Instead, the Department for Education will work with the Education Endowment Foundation to provide better guidance for how the money can best be spent.

Created under the coalition government, the premium is paid to schools for each pupil who has been eligible for free school meals at any point in the previous six years.

Headteachers choose how to spend the grant, although government guidance points to evidence that shows it is most effective when used to support high-quality teaching and address “barriers to success”, such as attendance and behaviour.

Since last year, schools have had to demonstrate “how their spending decisions are informed by research evidence”.

‘Plenty of good examples’ of pupil premium use

“I’m sure there are plenty of examples in schools where that is happening well, but I do worry … that money is at times being used in other ways, in ways that the funding is not intended,” Gullis said.

“I want to make sure that that money, a significant amount of funding, is used in the appropriate way.”

Any formal review would likely create extreme anxiety in schools at a time when the Treasury is trying to find efficiency savings to fund tax cuts promised in the government’s mini budget.

It follows calls on the government to increase the premium after schools were told they would have to raid their own coffers to pay for tutoring when government subsidies ended.

Tutoring is one of the interventions the government has recommended for pupil premium spending.

Ministers also said earlier this year they would “make it easier” for schools to use the £2.6 billion annual funding to “support literacy and numeracy skills where needed”.

However, the fund would retain its “core focus” on improving attainment for disadvantaged pupils, they said.

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Citizen offers “premium” feature to Bay Area Asian community

Citizen offers “premium” feature to Bay Area Asian community

Citizen, an app that lets residents report crimes, suspicious behavior and public safety hazards, like fires, is launching a new initiative aimed at cutting down on anti-Asian crime in the Bay Area. What’s happening: The New York City-based company, which self-describes as “the most popular public and personal safety app in America,” announced Monday that it’s providing up to 20,000 people in the Bay Area’s Asian community with a free one-year access to Citizen Premium (formerly known as Citizen Protect). How it works: Typically $20 per month, Citizen Premium offers users 24/7, unlimited access to its team of agents who are available via video or text whenever a person feels unsafe or uncomfortable.

  • Trevor Chandler, Citizen’s director of government relations, told Axios the agents come from a variety of public safety backgrounds — including EMS, fire departments, and 911 dispatch centers — and are “empowered to find creative solutions to our users’ safety concerns.”
  • In August, for instance, Chandler said agents completed over 300 “live monitoring calls,” during which a user felt unsafe and wanted someone to be on the line until they reached their intended destination.
  • Agents can also escalate situations to 911 if a person is overwhelmed after witnessing a crime or isn’t comfortable making the call themselves.

By the numbers: Chandler says “tens of thousands” of users have already upgraded their accounts to access the Citizen Premium. Why it matters: Anti-AAPI violence has been on the rise since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, including in San Francisco, where anti-Asian hate crimes dramatically increased last year.

  • Zoom out: Between March 2020 and March 2022, Stop AAPI Hate counted nearly 11,500 hate crimes against Asian Americans nationwide.

What they’re saying: San Francisco’s Chinese American Association of Commerce, which is partnering with Citizen to distribute the app to its members, said: “Hate crimes against Asian business owners continue to plague our city and we need to use every tool at our disposal to protect each other.”

  • The group added that for its members, it’s important to “have someone watching their back when they are opening and closing their shops or simply feeling unsafe.”

The other side: While the Citizen app uses information from police, fire and emergency departments to issue alerts about potentially dangerous situations, it also relies on crowdsourced content, which some argue, can lead to racial profiling.

  • Still, Chandler told Axios: “Citizen is a powerful tool in the fight against racial profiling, especially for communities of color who may want to call the police but are afraid to do so.”

Meanwhile: Last year, the Electronic Frontier Foundation commented on Citizen’s new paid feature that connects users to agents, saying: “There are scenarios in which a tool like this might be useful — but to charge people for it, and more importantly, to make people think they will eventually need a service like this — adds to the idea that companies benefit from your fear.”What’s next: The company is holding an informational session this Thursday at the Chinese American Association of Commerce where it will train around 30 of the group’s members on how to use Citizen Premium.

  • Chandler said the company will partner with more AAPI groups across the Bay Area to “fully distribute” the free accounts.

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Clean label claims boost sales, but what categories benefit most?

Clean label claims boost sales, but what categories benefit most?

The clean label ingredient market is expected to grow to a value of US$42.5bn globally, according to forecasters at Market Research Future. That represents an impressive CAGR of over 17.5% through to the end of the decade.Product formulators are working on innovation and renovation that replaces artificial ingredients with those that are perceived as natural and minimally processed. Simplicity strikes a chord and shorter, understandable ingredient lists remain in vogue.This isn’t a new trend. The industry has been talking about the importance of cleaning up product labels for years. A recent study from Ingredion revealed that globally at least 50% of manufacturers report that their portfolios have already converted to clean label formulations. But manufacturers also said they have plans to increase clean label efforts in the next two-to-three years. So why do efforts to convert to clean label continue to gain steam?Consumers willing to pay more for clean labelsIngredion’s Global Clean Label Manufacturer research revealed that around 71% of consumers are willing to pay more for current brands that have been reformulated to make claims around the naturalness of their ingredients. Over 30% of consumers would be willing to pay a premium of more than 20%.While brands that convert to cleaner labels may be able to reap the rewards, those that do not risk being punished, with 82% of global consumers reporting a ‘high likelihood’ of switching from current brands not offering these claims to new brands that have these benefits. What’s more, 70% of them would not only switch but pay more to do so.This statement of intent is also borne out in what manufacturers are reporting on the ground, with 58% of food and beverage brands suggesting they have benefited from an increase in overall revenue thanks to conversion to clean label formulations.“Consumers are willing pay for additional benefits in current brands and new brands. Current brands are at risk of attrition and missed revenue opportunities if manufacturers do not convert their offerings and remain static,”​ Ingredion’s Daniel Haley, global Clean & Simple platform lead, told FoodNavigator. “These results make it easier to understand why over 50% over respondents said offering clean label foods or beverages is a priority within their company’s overall business strategy.”​GettyImages-Iam Anupong food label consumerWhat motivates consumers to pay more for clean labels? Caution and health / Pic: GettyImages-Iam AnupongClean label resonates in categories with health halo and risk perceptionMarket Research Future analysts point out that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a ‘massive impact’ on the worldwide market for clean label ingredients. The researchers suggest clean label conversion is underpinned by two consumer drivers: caution about any negative health impact of food ingredients and demand for healthy options.“The buying habits of the consumers have changed notably, with them being more cautious about the food products that they purchase. Healthy eating habits have become quite prevalent among consumers…. Consumers are increasingly focusing on clean labels for out-of-home and at-home purchases; therefore, enhancing the application scope of clean label ingredients in a variety of food products,”​ they wrote in a research report.Perceived benefits around wellness are the primary driver for clean label demand, Ingredion’s Haley believes. “Whilst today’s consumers may also be looking for new, targeted health benefits or products supporting particular elements of sustainability, their foundational expectation is that products are made with ingredients they recognise, accept and strongly associate with naturality and minimal processing. Clean label is their first priority,”​ he stressed.So, what categories can benefit most from clean label renovation?When it comes to willingness to pay more and switch to brands with clean label credentials, Ingredion found all categories benefit – but some more so than others. Segments that are already associated with a health-halo and products aimed at children stand to gain most from clean label claims, while fixtures viewed as less healthy or more indulgent resonated less, Ingredion found.“The categories where the largest percentage of consumers will pay 20-30% more for products include baby food, meat and meat alternatives, plant-based yogurts, and plant-based milks. A lower percentage of consumers would pay such a premium in carbonated soft drinks and energy drinks. We tend to see lower desire in categories that are considered more of an indulgence or not usually considered a vehicle for health,”​ Haley detailed.GettyImages-Tom Werner shop grocery consumerWhat categories will consumers pay for clean labels in? / Pic: GettyImages-Tom WernerThe baby food category stands as an example of clean label expectations being enhanced by consumer caution. High demand for clean labels in baby food stems from parents’ desire to ensure their babies get the best nutritional start and, significantly, to protect them from ingredients that could be considered harmful.The Clean Label Project, a US advocacy group, is pushing for greater scrutiny of what goes into baby food and recently launched a certification scheme in response to the presence of contaminants like heavy metals that have been detected in the segment.“The First 1,000 Day standard shifts the narrative when it comes to ‘baby food’ safety. The standard is applicable to not just traditional baby foods but all foods and ingredients marketed towards pregnant women, infants, children, and lactating mothers,”​ explained Dr. Stephanie Canale, family medicine physician and member of the Clean Label Project Technical Advisory Committee.“There is an inextricable link between the health of the mother and her child. Infants and children have unique nutritional needs and unique vulnerabilities. Parents, brands, and governments alike should take every possible precaution to assure the health and safety of this most vulnerable population. The best way to decrease exposure to any given contaminant is to strive for variety in the foods given to babies and toddlers.”​Plant-based products, meanwhile, are often perceived as healthier alternatives. But formulators in the space face a particular challenge around mimicking the organoleptic properties of animal-based products while meeting clean label expectations.GettyImages-Barmalini vegan plant-based burgerIt can be difficult to produce a meaty mouthfeel while keeping labels clean / Pic: GettyImages-BarmaliniAccording to European organic ingredient supplier AGRANA Group this difficulty is clearly evident in vegan meat substitutes, where formulations that are free of additives – particularly artificial emulsifiers such as methyl cellulose – can be difficult to deliver while producing a meat-like juicy mouthfeel.At the AGRANA Research and Innovation Centre in Austria, the company is exploring potential solutions, creating vegan burger patties using ingredients like pre-gelatinized maize starch, potato fibres and vital wheat gluten, which – it claimed – ‘completely replace’ the need for methyl cellulose. “As a processor of plant-based, agricultural raw materials, we aim to show our customers how we can address the demand for vegan and vegetarian nutrition with new sustainable concepts,”​ reflected CEO Markus Mühleisen.Clean label and sugar reductionIf product categories that are already perceived as healthy benefit from clean label innovation, what about product attributes linked to health?Reduced or low sugar claims probably stand at the forefront of this, with research showing sugar content is a key influencer for the majority of grocery shoppers. However, sugar reduction has a nuanced relationship to clean label demand – sugar is, after all, a natural ingredient.A recent study sponsored by Cargill suggests that while consumers frequently check the amount of sugar a product contains before they purchase, they are less likely to scrutinise the specific sweetener used. Does this mean reduced-sugar products are exempt from the need to deliver clean labels? Not exactly, Cargill stressed.GettyImages-VladamirFLloyd cake eating junk foodDo shoppers want clean-label reformulation to cut sugar? / Pic: GettyImages-VladamirFLloydThe company’s 2021 survey of US shoppers also found evidence that sweetener claims influence purchases, too. Those that fared best in the Cargill study typically implied ‘natural’ or ‘no artificial’, including ‘naturally sweetened’ or ‘made with a natural sweetener’.Carla Saunders, senior marketing manager for Cargill’s high intensity sweetener lines, believes that clean label claims in reduced sugar products became more important for consumers in the wake of the pandemic.“The popularity of these types of claims – especially sugar-reduction – have been amplified by COVID-19, building on the ‘clean eating’ trends we’ve been tracking for several years,”​ she explained.“Products with these on-pack labels are often perceived as less processed and more healthful. That aligns with the demands of today’s more health-conscious consumers, who are seeking to manage their health and wellness goals through food and beverage choices.”​ .

Explained Books | Prescription for post-Covid world: resilience

Explained Books | Prescription for post-Covid world: resilience

“The Covid-19 pandemic has worked like an X-ray machine, revealing the hidden challenges under the surface of many societies,” Markus K Brunnermeier says in the introduction to his book. Indeed, the pandemic has hit every country — the adverse health impact was just the starting point; the virus ended up disrupting every aspect of society, and the global economic order.
Complex supply chains built and refined over decades had to be abruptly shut down or broken to prevent or slow the infection’s spread. Jobs and livelihoods were lost, inequalities of all kinds widened, governments were pushed to pile on millions of dollars of debt to extend relief, and central banks had to resort to every possible way to stimulate the economy even as health systems collapsed and countries and societies turned more insular and protectionist.

The Covid-19 shock pushed back most countries by several years, possibly decades. And just as it appeared that the world was starting to break free from the seemingly unending cycles of lockdowns, Russia invaded Ukraine, unleashing consequences that reverberated around the world — from costlier fuel prices to scarcity of food items to dramatically heightened geopolitical tensions.
Within just a couple of years, the world economy has swung from trying to avoid a prolonged deflation to desperately fighting inflation. The post-Cold War consensus around globalisation, already under strain from the time of the global financial crisis of 2008-09, has now developed into a militant desire to reduce dependence on other countries.
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Was the world prepared to survive these shocks in 2020? Is it prepared in 2022? More importantly, will it be prepared in the future? If so, how?
In The Resilient Society, Princeton University economist Brunnermeier details the global economic fallout of the Covid disruption. Many of the book’s key insights are distilled from a Princeton webinar series called Markus Academy, which featured influential economists, including more than a dozen Nobel laureates.

In the end, for the author, the touchstone for any society, economy, or indeed the world is “resilience”, or the ability to rebound. It is resilience that sets the reed apart from the robust oak, which has the ability to resist. “I bend but do not break” — that is the essence of resilience.
After explaining the concept and how societies could be redesigned to become resilient in part 1 of the book, Brunnermeier uses Covid to explain the core elements of resilience management in part 2. In parts 3 and 4, he looks at macroeconomic and global challenges that countries face.
The book was released last year, but the Ukraine crisis shows, even though the world has moved to the next shock, Brunnermeier was spot on in underscoring the need to be resilient. The main lesson for societies
is to give up the “just in time” production approach that accords primacy to efficiency, and instead move towards a “just in case” approach that allows for safety buffers.

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11 districts yet to administer any booster dose in 18-59 age group

11 districts yet to administer any booster dose in 18-59 age group

ALMOST TWO months after booster shots were allowed for the population between 18-59 years, 11 districts — Akola, Bhandara, Parbhani, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Hingoli, Nanded, Sindhudurg, Wardha, Washim and Yavatmal — haven’t administered a single dose in the concerned age group.
There are eight districts that have administered less than 50 booster shots. This also includes Health Minister Rajesh Tope’s district Jalna, which as of June 1, had administered only three shots.
As per official data till June 1, only 2.68 lakh beneficiaries in the 18-59 age group have taken the first dose in the state. Among them, 96 per cent doses have been administered in seven districts.
A total of 1.19 lakh have taken the third shot in Mumbai, followed by Pune (61,075), Thane (49,389), Raigad (10,151), Aurangabad (6,399), Nagpur (5,601) and Nashik (5,490).Best of Express PremiumUPSC Key –June 2, 2022: Why and What to know about ‘RFID Technology’ to ‘...PremiumSharad Yadav interview: ‘Oppn unity is a must… its consensus ...PremiumThe cultural wrath against Amber Heard sets a scary precedentPremiumWhy has aspirin advice for heart protection changed?Premium
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The most affected ones are from rural areas where people have to travel a long distance to reach cities to get the third shot.
A 42-year-old woman living with HIV had to travel 50 km to get the third shot in Nagpur from the Mohadi taluka in Bhandara. “We couldn’t find a single private centre administering booster shots. Due to infection, we have to be extra cautious so we decided to travel to Nagpur,” she said.
This is not an isolated case. Many patients with underlying health issues that make them more vulnerable to contracting Covid-19 are being forced to travel to cities for the booster shot.
Booster doses for frontline workers and people above 60 years were started on January 10. On April 10, the facility was extended to the 18-59 age group. However, with the flattening of the pandemic curve, the demand for the third shot dropped, which discouraged the private sector from stocking the vaccines.
According to Indian Medical Association (IMA), over five lakh expired vials were discarded in Maharashtra till May. This deterred many private centres, especially in the rural parts, from carrying out vaccination drives.
Dr Avinash Bhondwe, former president of IMA, Maharashtra, said that at the beginning of the immunisation programme in 2021, private hospitals had to buy vials in bulk at high rates. Later, when the demand for vaccination dropped, their stocks expired. “It caused huge economic loss, especially for the smaller private hospitals. So, now they don’t want to buy the vaccines risking further loss,” he said.
“We are merely following the protocols laid by the Centre. As soon as we get a new instruction, we will start free vaccination in public places,” said Dr Pradeep Vyas, Additional Chief Secretary.
Public health experts have highlighted the need to make the third shot accessible to all free of cost. “The booster shots will not prevent infection but as seen in the past, the vaccination helps to control the severity among patients. So, it is essential that the people especially the elderly above 50 years old and patients with comorbidities take the third jab,” said Dr Bhondwe.
Dr Subhas Salunke, a technical advisor to the state government, said that in a pandemic situation, the Centre should supply the vaccines free of cost. “There are lakhs of people, who can’t even afford to buy the vaccines..”

The official figures also found a lukewarm response to free booster shots among the eligible population above 60 years. As of June 1, 16.44 lakh elderly in the age group have taken the third shot. Nearly 68 per cent of the eligible healthcare and frontline workers haven’t taken the precautionary dose in the state, the data revealed.
Dr Sachin Desai, state immunisation officer, cited several reasons behind the poor response like laxity and less fear of contracting the infection with a drop in Covid-19 cases. “Some beneficiaries had developed minor reactions like fever and body pain after taking the first or second doses. So, fearing it, most of the villagers are shying away from it now,” he said.
The state has over 1.3 crore vaccines in stock. “Now, we have an abundance of vaccines but the demand is low. Even after repeated alerts, 90 per cent of the people don’t show up. So, we have started a door-to-door survey,” said Dr Govind Chaudhari, District Health Officer, Nandurbar.

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